Biguanide: Improves sensitivity of the body tissues to insulin.

Metformin

Sulphonylureas: Helps the body produce more insulin.

Glibenclamide . Gliclazide . Glipizide . Glimepiride . Tolbutamide

Alpha glucosidase inhibitor: Delay the absorption of carbohydrates.

Acarbose

Thiazolidinediones: Increases sensitivity to insulin. Since this is associated with many side effects, it is prescribed only if it is necessary.

Rosiglitazone . Pioglitazone

DPP-4 inhibitors: Helps reduce blood sugar levels, without much of side effects.

Sitagliptin . Saxagliptin . Linagliptin

SGLT2 inhibitors: Prevent kidneys from absorbing excess glucose. Excess sugar is excreted in urine. This might include side effects of repeated urinary infections, increased urination.

Canagliflozin . Dapagliflozin

Insulin injection: This helps manage the sugar level efficiently, usually, prescribed for long standing or very high sugar levels. There are many types of Insulin.

Insulin glulisine . Insulin lispro . Insulin aspart . Insulin glargine . Insulin detemir . Insulin isophane

Foods to eat:

• Healthy carbohydrate foods
• Vegetables
• Fruits
• Legumes, such as beans
• Whole grains
• Omega- 3 fatty acid rich foods
• Tuna
• Sardines
• Salmon
• Mackerel
• Halibut
• Cod
• Monounsaturated and polyunsaturated foods
• Olive oil
• Canola oil
• Peanut oil
• Almonds
• Pecans
• Walnuts
• Avocados

Foods to avoid:

• Foods heavy in saturated fats
• Foods heavy in trans fats
• Beef
• Processed meats
• Sugary drinks
• High-fat dairy products
• Salty foods
• Fried foods

Stop smoking: Smoking increases the level of blood sugar level.

Endocrinologist

Specializes in the function and disorders of the endocrine system of the body.