Layer 5 provides coordination ... The most ubiquitous example is the IP protocol in TCP/IP (see TCP/IP). IPX, SNA and AppleTalk are examples of earlier routable protocols, which means that ...

A top-down exploration of networking using the 5-layer model and the TCP/IP stack. HTTP, FTP, DNS, BSD Sockets, concurrent servers, checksums, reliable transport with stop-and-wait, go-back-n, ...

As can be seen from these figures, the TCP/IP protocol suite defines two different transport layer protocols: the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) and the Transport Control Protocol (TCP). Additional ...

Ethernet is a layer 2 data link protocol that is widely used with the TCP/IP protocol, which resides at layers 3 and 4. To understand network communications, it is essential to learn about the ...

The Transport layer (layer 4) is responsible for the reliable and efficient ... Transmission Control Protocol [TCP] and User Datagram Program [UDP] in the TCP/IP [Transmission Control ...

This chip has 8K of RAM, plenty for the TCP/IP stack and a few K for working with ... Every power pin needs a 0.1uF decoupling capacitor (C4,5). The internal 8MHz oscillator provides a 32MHz ...

The result is nerfnet, a Linux program that allows you to tunnel TCP/IP over a pair of nRF24L01 modules. The link appears as a virtual interface, meaning everything happens transparently as far ...

Most vendors and standards groups are focused on the exchange mechanics per the open systems interconnection (OSI) model's layers 2-7 or the TCP/IP model's four layers for ... and Notification Model ...

One important piece of the NT executive is the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL), a module that provides abstract ... which allowed primitive printer and file sharing on local networks, but support for ...

Devices at home often use Wi-Fi by connecting to a router, so if you install a VPN on your router, every device that connects to your home network will automatically enjoy an added layer of protection ...