Black and white lithograph showing Muhammed Shah, the ruler of Persia, dressed in his finery, probably consisting of the khilauts (Shoberl 1845, p. 62-63) ensemble. He wears a jeweled crown, collar, ...

In 633 CE, a year after Muhammad’s death, the commander of the new Muslim armies wrote a letter to the Persian emperor, Yazdegerd III, the last king of the great Sassanid dynasty. “Submit ...

A rare 2,500-year-old inscription, bearing the name of the Persian king Darius the Great, was found in southern Israel, the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) said. The inscription, which was ...

In Western history, Persians are exotic and malevolent “Others.” The fantasy film 300 (2006) is an extreme example. For many modern Americans, Persians are the Bad Guys. The first great Persian empire ...