Most HIV-negative adults have between 500 and 1500 CD4 cells in a cubic millimeter of blood. Most people with HIV who have an undetectable viral load can reach the normal range and often it is only a ...

It’s important for all people with HIV to have regular blood tests. The two most important blood tests are for CD4 and viral load. CD4 and viral load test results give essential information about the ...

The decrease in CD4 cells during HIV infection seems to be driven by immune activation, which does not always correlate with viral load. Experienced clinicians are all too familiar with the ...

CD25 (late), CD69 (early) and HLA-DR (even later, with powerful stimulation). Cells are immunophenotyped by staining with the help of a fluorescent antibody panel to segregate CD3+ T cells, CD4+ T ...

This important study provides solid in-vivo evidence that CCR4 regulates the early inflammatory response during atherosclerotic plaque formation. The authors propose that altered T-cell response plays ...

This valuable study reports on a novel role of PD-1 in early T cell differentiation, showing that PD-1 stimulation impairs Th2 differentiation more effectively than that of Th1, with implications for ...